UWCScholar
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A critical analysis of the laws which affect the size of the remand detention population in South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Davids, Gidean Zion; Albertus, Chesne
Background: The term ‘remand detainee’ means a person detained in a remand detention facility awaiting the finalisation of their trial. Such person has not commenced with serving a sentence or is not already serving a prior sentence. Remand detainees have a unique status, in that they are presumed innocent (if they have not been convicted yet) and are protected by certain rights that do not apply to sentenced offenders. These rights will be discussed later in this chapter. A bail application of an accused person should be seriously considered by the courts and in principle such decision should not easily lead to remand detention where bail is not a just option. Put plainly, when the courts cannot grant bail to the accused, detention should not be the automatic means to ensure the accused’s attendance at his/her trial. There are after all various ways in which the attendance of the accused can be secured at his/her trial.5
Factors associated with viral non-suppression among HIV positive adults on antiretroviral therapy in Luapula Province, Zambia.
(Universty of the Western Cape, 2024) Mvududu, Don Tafadzwa Kudzanai; van Wyk, Brian
HIV is a significant global public health concern, with approximately 38 million individuals living with HIV by the end of 2021 globally. Zambia has a high HIV burden, with an adult prevalence of 11% in 2021. Despite significant progress in the uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) by individuals living with HIV, Zambia still struggles to reach the epidemic control targets of 95-95-95 set by UNAIDS, with recent reports estimating viral suppression rate at 90%. It is therefore, imperative to investigate the factors that are associated with viral non-suppression, particularly in rural settings like Luapula Province, Zambia, where few research has been done to date. The current study describes the prevalence and factors associated with viral non-suppression among HIV positive adults on ART in Luapula Province, Zambia.
Women and men's perceptions of the effect of unemployment of the male partner on gender role perception, family communication and relational power within the family
(University of the Western Cape, 1998) Nicolaai, Celeste; Daniels, Priscilla
The research focused on 60 coloured, Afrikaans-speaking men and women residing in Bellville South who completed a structured questionnaire and open-ended interview questions. Their perceptions held on the influence of male unemployment on family relations with specific reference to gender role perception, relational satisfaction, communication, decision making, finances and labour within the family were investigated. Unemployment of the male partner was found to have no statistically significant differences for the manner in which males and females perceive their gender roles, finances and labour distribution within the family. Statistically significant differences were found for the manner in which males and females perceive decision-making and communication the family when the male partner is unemployed. The results revealed that unemployment does not have an influence on role perception and that the respondents uphold a traditional role perception. Decision making was not male dominated, as more egalitarian decision were taken. The respondents expressed combination gender roles with regard to management of finances and appeared to be satisfied with family and partner relations. The minority of respondents who within experienced problems with communication attributed this to the consequences of being unemployed. Social agencies need to offer services to empower families to deal with the effects of unemployment on family life to ensure the survival of families during I these challenging periods. A multi-disciplinary approach, provided by a team of professionals is the basis for recommendations for proposed support programme development, access and further research.
Cuspal deflection of teeth restored with bulk fill flowable composite resins, with and without fiber-reinforcement and evaluated by Micro-computed Tomography.
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Parker, Raeesa; Mulder, Riaan
Background: With the development of bulk-fill flowable composites, dentists are increasingly opting to dispense of the time-consuming layering required of conventional universal composites. It has been suggested that a reduction in cuspal deflection can be expected when modifications to the interfacial stress concentrations in large composite restorations are introduced. It has further been demonstrated that fiber-reinforced composite restorations reduce stress accumulation on the remaining hard tissue. Aim: To determine the cuspal deflection of teeth restored with bulk fill flowable composite resins, with and without fiber-reinforcement and evaluated by micro-computed tomography. Methods and Materials: A comparative in vitro study was designed utilizing micro-CT scanning. Standardized mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) preparations restored with three different bulk fill flowable composite resin systems, with and without Ribbond fiberreinforcement, were assessed and compared. The flowable bulk fill composites tested in this study were Filtek Bulk Fill (3M), Palfique Bulk Flow (Tokuyama) and Tetric N-Flow (Ivoclar Vivadent). Scans were after fiber placement (uncured), the tooth after curing of the fiber, the tooth after placement of the composite (uncured) and lastly, the tooth after curing of the composite. Scanned data were analyzed using Volume Graphics VG Studio Max 3.2.5 (Nagoya, Japan). The mechanical properties of these materials and the influence of Ribbond fibers on compressive strength was evaluated by means of catastrophic compressive strength testing.
The influence of layer thickness over time on the dimensional stability of 3D printed crown lengthening guides
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Qaddoura, Karim; Padayachee, Sankeshan
Background: Guided surgery offers a higher level of accuracy compared to freehand surgery providing precision and improved surgical outcomes when used for clinical crown lengthening procedures. The dimensional stability of 3D printed guides during storage and handling is important and may be influenced by factors such as layer thickness and post-processing time. Root mean square is used to measure the accuracy of the guide and represent dimensional stability. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the influence of layer thickness on the dimensional stability of 3D printed crown lengthening guides at different time periods. Methods: An in-vitro experimental study design used 22 3D printed crownlengthening surgical guides in two different layer thicknesses, constituting 11 50(LT) samples and 11 (100LT) samples, respectively, were scanned at 5 time intervals (T0) immediately post-processing, after (T1) day 5, (T2) day10, (T3) day15, and (T4) day 20. The corresponding standard tessellation language (STL) files were compared with the reference (STL) file. For each thickness group, the mean of the root mean square was plotted across the different time intervals. A regression analysis was conducted with "root mean square" as the dependent variable and "Comparison" as the independent variable. The independent variable (Comparison) had four categories (levels): T0 – T1, T0 – T2, T0 – T3, and T0 – T4. All tests were deemed statistically significant at p<0.05.